Epidemiological transition and the study of burden of disease in Brazil

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva - Epidemiological transition and the study of burden of disease in Brazil: "Transição epidemiológica e o estudo de carga de doença no Brasil

Epidemiological transition and the study of burden of disease in Brazil

Joyce Mendes de Andrade Schramm; Andreia Ferreira de Oliveira; Iúri da Costa Leite; Joaquim Gonçalves Valente; Ângela Maria Jourdan Gadelha; Margareth Crisóstomo Portela; Mônica Rodrigues Campos

RESUMO
No Brasil, a transição epidemiológica não tem ocorrido de acordo com o modelo experimentado pela maioria dos países desenvolvidos. Velhos e novos problemas em saúde coexistem, com predominância das doenças crônico-degenerativas, embora as doenças transmissíveis ainda desempenhem um papel importante. Neste estudo, os diferenciais, em relação ao padrão epidemiológico, são descritos para o Brasil e grandes regiões, para o indicador de saúde dos estudos da carga de doença, o DALY. Entre os principais resultados encontrados, para o Brasil, destaca-se que o grupo das doenças não-transmissíveis, infecciosas/parasitórias/maternas/perinatais/nutricionais, e das causas externas representaram, respectivamente, 66,3%, 23,5% e 10,2% da carga total de doença estimada. A utilização do indicador DALY propicia a identificação de prioridades em função do perfil epidemiológico, facilitando a tomada de decisões e destinação adequada de recursos por parte dos gestores.
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GATEKEEPING IN HEALTH CARE

http://www.cesifo.de/pls/guestci/download/CESifo%20Working%20Papers%202005/CESifo%20Working%20Papers%20September%202005/cesifo1_wp1552.pdf
GATEKEEPING IN HEALTH CARE
KURT R. BREKKE, ROBERT NUSCHELER, ODD RUNE STRAUME
CESIFO WORKING PAPER NO. 1552 - SEPTEMBER 2005

Abstract
We study the competitive effects of restricting direct access to secondary care by gatekeeping, focusing on the informational role of general practitioners (GPs). In the secondary care market there are two hospitals choosing quality and specialisation. Patients, who are ex ante
uninformed, can consult a GP to receive an (imperfect) diagnosis and obtain information about the secondary care market. We show that hospital competition is amplified by higher GP attendance but dampened by improved diagnosing accuracy. Therefore, compulsory gatekeeping may result in excessive quality competition and too much specialisation, unless the mismatch costs and the diagnosing accuracy are sufficiently high. Second-best price regulation makes direct regulation of GP consultation redundant, but will generally not implement first-best.

Infiltration of neoliberal ideology in the World Health Organization

Infiltration of neoliberal ideology in the World Health Organization
Effects on global public health policy and practice
Alison KATZ
Introduction
The infiltration of neoliberal ideology in WHO today is profound and this is despite WHO's Constitution and many founding and key documents since then, which are explicitly oriented towards social justice as a solution to health problems and a goal in its own right. The WHO/UNICEF Conference on Primary Health Care held in Alma Ata in the former Soviet Union in 1978, represented the flowering of this vision but the movement was swiftly and decisively silenced as early as 1980./.../